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Modern-day accounting originated with this man, Luca Pacioli, who in 1494 described double-entry bookkeeping in his Summa de arithmetica, geometrica, proportioni et proportiomalita.
However, as early as 8000 B.C. civilizations in the Middle East were keeping track of grain and livestock with a system of tokens - cones, spheres, disks and cylinders. Record-keeping evolved onto clay tablets in Iraq, and papyrus in Egypt. Scribes recorded commercial agreements, banking transactions and the movement of commodities. Chinese, Greek and Roman governments managed their receipts and expenditures, prepared budgets, and even had audits.
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